Sculptural Architecture Based on Indian Insight: The physical Distinction of Indian Gurkanic Gardens and Persian Gardens (Case Study: Taj Mahal and Homayoun Tomb Garden)

Persian garden is one of the first patterns of gardening in the world that as an influential element as well as a cultural phenomenon by entering other lands that can change according to the existing conditions and context. The connection of the Gurkan government with the Safavids in Iran and the cultural ties between the two created the ground for the influence of Iranian culture and civilization, especially in the field of architecture. Iranian garden art in India is one of the most important impacts that seems to have changed based on Indian insight, the body of Iranian garden in India, the purpose of this study is to investigate the physical differences between Gurkan gardens and Iranian gardens based on Indian insight. The studies have been done using library and the analysis of the research in the studied samples in the physical field of the garden, i.e. planting system, water system, building system, geometry and landscape system, historical interpretation methods and logical conclusions were used. The research results show that based on the insight of Indian art, the body of garden architecture should have a sculptural and sculptural expression, so in the Indian garden in the Gurkan period, all the physical elements of the Persian garden have a decorative and theatrical structure, and also the building (pavilion) in the center of the garden has a sculptural and prominent aspect that dominates the garden due to its location on the platform and the low density of trees in the garden.