Analysis and critique of the characters of the novel "Autumn is the last season of the year" based on David Herman's theory of "ecology" (sociological approach)

One of the most successful and popular novels of recent years is "Autumn is the last season of the year", which also won the Jalal Literary Award in 2015 and was published for the fortieth time in a short period of time. The main subject of the novel is the "existential" and "situational" preoccupations and anxieties of three girls from the sixties named Roja, Leila and Shabaneh. Each character faces the challenges of experiencing metropolitan life such as immigration, personal and social identity, and emotional relationships with an emphasis on the anxieties of the new generation. This descriptive-analytical study seeks to analyze and critique the element of ecology as one of the most important narrative elements according to David Herman's theory in this novel. The result of the analysis shows that the author uses homogenization techniques such as loneliness struggle as one of the most tragic aspects of modern life, the issue of love and accurate description of inner feelings, existential and situational apprehensions including loneliness and failure to achieve ideals. Optimal; It has been able to induce a sense of ecology along with other narrative techniques. Despite Maten's success in inducing a sense of ecstasy in the character of Leila and Roja, he has not been very successful in inducing this sense in the character of "Shabaneh" due to his constant doubts in inducing a sense of ecology.