Accused Defense Rights in the Light of Jurisprudential Standards and Judicial Directives

Nowadays, the defense rights of the accused as a balancing component of power in the parties of the criminal case have been more and more noticed by different criminal justice systems. Islamic criminal law includes the principles that guarantee the defense rights of the accused in the best way, and in short, either repels corruption from the accused or provides benefits to him. The findings from the descriptive-analytical study of the defense rights of the accused from the perspective of jurisprudence standards and judicial directives show that despite the standards such as the sanctity of blood, the lack of validity of confessions caused by torture, the legality of representation in all lawsuits, the legality of the defendant's silence against claiming man and rationally proving the necessity of explaining the charge to the accused in Imamiyya jurisprudence, in the judicial directives, the important defense rights of the accused have not been mentioned and special protective provisions have not been made. It is not established to guarantee the said rights. Lack of sufficient attention to guaranteeing the immunity of the accused from acts of torture, the general nature of the provisions governing the right to have a lawyer in the criminal proceedings, the lack of an explicit provision guaranteeing the right of the accused to remain silent, and the lack of a guarantee of sanctions about the right of the accused to explain the accusation are the most important lacks in the judicial directives related to the defendant's defense rights, which of course, in some cases, have legislative roots.