Analysis of the Consequences of the Implementation of the Convention on the Legal Regime of the Caspian Sea on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The legal regime of the Caspian Sea is one of the important and disputed issues of the coastal countries of this sea and one of the issues affecting the national interests and security of our country. Due to the importance of the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea, known as the Actao Convention, this article tries to analyze the possible consequences of its approval and implementation on various aspects of the country's national security, using the analytical descriptive method and examining the main strengths and weaknesses of the text of the Convention. and provide measures and solutions to face possible future challenges. The results of the research show that, despite the positive points contained in the convention, there are weak points in it such as the criterion of the normal baseline, the imbalance between the interests of Iran and other coastal countries in the fields of energy, fisheries and security, the lack of explicit reference to past treaties and The principle of fairness, the possibility of foreign military forces passing under the flag of the coastal countries and the revival of the Trans-Caspian project can leave dangerous effects on the interests and national security of the country in the present and future. Therefore, the most important recommendation of this article is that until the conclusion of the baseline agreement, the approval of the Octao Convention in the Islamic Council should be avoided until the Islamic Republic of Iran ensures in the upcoming negotiations that it will be able to determine the long straight baselines. which has allocated the largest area of ​​Caspian Sea water as internal waters and the external limits of Iran's territorial waters have the most progress in the range of twenty percent in this sea area.