Content analysis of Arabic textbooks of first grade of high school according to creativity pattern of Plesk

Creativity is one of the techniques of accessing discoveries, inventions, and different development in various backgrounds of life and nowadays is considered by many of experts of training domain. The results of many scientific research and achievements demonstrate that creativity is not a characteristic of some special people but many people have this hidden ability which can be trained in suitable circumstances at home, school and other life situations (Alodeh, 2006, p 1). Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of textbooks content on creativity development of students. The present study is to analyze the Arabic textbooks of the first grade of high school according to creativity pattern of Plesk.

The present study is performed by the aim of accessing Arabic textbooks of the first grade of high school to the components of Plesk creativity. The research method is descriptive and content analysis type. Society is consistent to the statistical sample and includes all Arabic textbooks contents (exercises, pictures, and texts) of this grade of Iran schools in in educational years of 2019-2020 (1398-1399 AHS). The numbers of Arabic textbooks are 3.

Research tools:

The tool is a content analysis form according to creativity pattern of Plesk. The form consists of 13 components which are divided into three elements (attention, escape, mental motion) and four phases (preparation, imagination, development, and action) additionally, Shannon Entropy method has been used for determining importance coefficient of the components of the studied textbooks.

Validity and reliability of the research tools:

For Validity, first, elements, phases, and components of the Plesk creativity rotation (1997) were achieved from the related references and then the pattern is confirmed by academic experts (one expert in Shannon Entropy and two in Arabic language training), after that, 20% of the content of every three textbooks was selected and coding process was completed according to the Plesk creativity model indices and the procedural definitions by researchers separately. Finally, the percentage of the agreement among encoders was calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient and SPSS software. Correlation coefficient among encoders was 0.84.Data analysis was done by descriptive analytic method. At the first stage, active and inactive units specified separately for every three textbooks. Then, frequency of indices of Plesk creativity rotation according to the designed check list of content analysis was calculated among the active units in texts, exercises, and the pictures of the textbooks. In order to analyze the quantitative content in addition to frequency of the studied indices and also significance coefficient of indices, Shannon entropy method was applied for finding more powerful and reliable findings.

The results of analysis demonstrated that the content of Arabic textbooks in this grade is inactive about 70%. In the analysis of the textbooks according to Plesk creativity pattern, it is identified that the element of “attention” is more considered and the element of “mental motion” is only on the textbook of 9th grade, therefore, the content of the aforesaid textbooks is not consistent with creativity principles of Plesk theory and is less effective in creation and raising creativity in learners.