The role of climate on diversity and morphological evolution of carbonate karst karns using geomorphometric technique in climatic zones of Kalat basin, east of Kopeh Dagh

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of climatic conditions on the genesis and morphological diversity of karst rocks of carbonate formations in Kalat Basin in the east of Kopeh Dagh. For this purpose, the experimental method (geomorphometric overlap) based on climatic zoning model and laboratory studies (calcimetric and lime purity percentage) have been used. In the research process, first, the climatic zoning map of the basin was prepared through 25 stations with a statistical period of 35 years in the GIS environment and four climatic zones of the region were determined. Then, using geomorphometric techniques, ground samples were collected on 240 samples of three types of Karen with different morphology (linear, Pitcarn and Triticar). The results showed that the more humid the climate of the karst rock, the more not only the number of carnations per unit area will increase, but also the morphological diversity and evolution will increase. In fact, climate change has a very effective role in the genesis and development of surface karst Carns and there is a direct relationship between wetter climatic zones and morphological diversity and evolution of Carns in karst-forming formations, as in the climate zone (Q4). In humid climates, a variety of linear, depth and width of linear carnivores, triticarmens and peatcarns in temperate and humid climates (Q4.Q3) located at high altitudes to three to 10 times the size of carnivores Arises in arid and semi-arid climates (Q1, Q2).