A comparative study of the emphasis on the use of effective factors in developing critical thinking in higher education

This research has been conducted with a practical and qualitative purpose and to identify effective factors in cultivating critical thinking in higher education. The results were taken from 58 research articles between 2000 and 2022 and were approved by 11 experts. To review and analyze the findings among countries, a comparative-comparative method was used based on the Brady model in four stages of description, interpretation, comparison and comparison. The findings have shown that the higher education of the studied countries paid less attention to these factors. Iran is not an exception to this and in 5 factors: safe environment, familiarity with the principles of reasoning and judgment based on evidence, avoiding hasty judgment and commitment to the principles of critical ethics and knowledge and skills and similarity of belief and performance and appropriateness of time for coverage The heading of the curriculum needs special attention.