Critique of "Maria Dakakeh"'s view on the battle of Safin in Leiden Quranic encyclopedia based on Nahj al-Balaghah

The "Leiden Encyclopedia of the Qur'an" is the most complete Islamic collection available in English, in five volumes and over 1000 articles. "Safin article" as one of the entries in the field of Shiism and the history of early Islam, contains points that can be criticized and in conflict with narrative sources. Therefore, the present study has descriptively-analytically reviewed this article based on Nahj al-Balaghah, its explanations and historical sources. Improper topics such as expressing the dual orientation of Imam Ali (AS) in retaliating against the killers of Uthman as the main reason for starting the war, comparing Amr al-As' deception to the behavior of Imam (AS) in the battle of Jaml, using vague and ambiguous words during arbitration and cowardly considering Uthman's murder These are the points that can be examined in the "Safin article". The findings showed that; Ms. Maria Dakakeh, the author of Safin's article, did not consider Nahj al-Balaghah as the most important work and did not use it scientifically and comprehensively, even though she used authentic historical books. Also, the use of vague and ambiguous words in the article has caused misunderstanding and distortion of the face of Imam (AS).