Evaluating the restoration of soil physical properties and natural regeneration in skid trails(Case study: forests of Shanderman area of Giulan province)

The recovery of the soil of skidtrails and the establishment of natural regeneration in them play a significant role in the sustainability of the forest. To conduct this research in the west of Giulan province (Shanderman area), three skid trails with 10 years of age and slope classes: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30% were selected. A total of 30 microplots (2x2 m2) were determined on skidtrails and adjacent areas (control area), and in them, the type of species and the frequency of regeneration were recorded 100%. In the soil sample taken from a depth of 0-20 cm, Bulk Density and Particle Density and %Porosity were measured. The results showed that there is a significant difference between skidtrails and the control area in terms of bulk density, percentage of soil porosity and species regeneration (p<0.05). The frequency of regeneration of the Acer velutinum species in the skidtrails was significantly higher than in the control area, and the frequency of the regeneration of the Carpinus betulus and Acer capadosicum species in the control area was significantly higher than that of the skidtrails. However, no significant difference was observed between these two places in terms of the regeneration of Fagus orientalis and Alnus subcordata species. There was no significant difference between the three slope classes investigated in terms of regeneration and bulk density, the percentage of soil porosity of skidtrails with two slope classes of 0-10 and 20-30% did not have significant differences (p>0.05). The result is that the time period of 10 years is not enough to recover the physical properties of the soil and establish the regeneration of the skidtrails in this area, and the slope of less than 30% does not have a significant effect on the recovery of the soil and the regeneration of the skidtrails.