The nature of the international actor from the perspective of theories of international relations(Review of 3 approaches including positivism, middle and poststructuralist approaches)

The problem of the nature of the actor of international relations is one of the ontological and philosophical issues that examines the identity of the actors of international relations. This topic tries to answer these types of questions: What kind of being is an international relations actor? What are the goals of this actor? And how does this actor see the world of international relations and itself? The main purpose of this article is to examine these issues from the perspective of the three approaches of international relations, including positivism approach (neorealism, neoliberalism, neoclassical realism), middle approaches (constructivism, critical school, English school), and poststructuralist (postmodernism). In fact, the main question of the research is what are the views of the three approaches of international relations on the issue of the nature of the actor in international relations? The author tries to answer these questions with the help of analytical-descriptive method and using empirical evidence and logical analysis and reasoning.