Immunity of states and their Properties in the light of the domestic law of states(Case Study: Japan and Italy)

The principle of the equality of sovereignty of states is one of the important internationally accepted rules that has a customary origin and the judicial immunity of states and their property is one of the consequences of accepting this principle both in international treaties such as the 2004 United Nation convention and in international jurisprudence, including in the 2012 ruling of the international Court of Justice. Some governments such as Japan, have enacted domestic law on the immunity of governments and their property due to the need to follow international rules and have committed themselves to complying with these rules and some, such as Italy, have waived or reduced their immunity and, while deviating from international custom and practice and violating some of the former domestic laws, have sought to create new custom and subsequently new exceptions to customary international law. The Italian Constitutional Court, relying on the right of access to justice, has rejected international jurisprudence in the filed on immunity and violated the law based on the said ruling but Japan, while paying attention to the provisions of the Convention, has adapted its domestic law to the provisions of the Convention and is implementing it, and has not accepted any new exception.