A Comparative Study of the Prophet's Ijtihad from the Perspective of Judges Abdul Jabbar, Fakhr Razi and Allameh Helli

One of the important theological topics is the ijtihad of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Which has many theological fruits, one of the significant fruits of that area is the installation of the Imam by the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Did the Prophet comment beforehand without revelation? Different views have been presented by theologians. This article deals with the descriptive-analytical method of comparative study of the position of three prominent thinkers from three schools: Shiite, Ash'ari and Mu'tazilite. Allama Hali, a Shiite theologian, and Fakhr Razi, an Ash'arite theologian, have denied the occurrence of ijtihad by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) on the premise of lack of revelation. Judge Abdul Jabbar Mu'tazili, on the other hand, believes in the ijtihad of the Prophet (pbuh) in the absence of revelation.According to the author, the ambiguity of the meaning of ijtihad and its scope, and the lack of attention to its boundaries and the knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH) with the term ijtihad, has led to different views in this regard by the announcement of the three. Therefore, in this article, the author has tried to explain the meaning of ijtihad and determine the boundaries of the knowledge and science of the Prophet (PBUH) to determine the reason for the dispute about the ijtihad of that Imam (who has been prescribed a message for that Imam).