Investigating the effect of the theory of mutual rights of the ruler and the people of Imam Ali (AS) on the rights of Iranians during his caliphate

The rapid spread of Islamic conquests after the demise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the field of human rights, a serious challenge is formed between the existing method in the caliphate with Islamic social values. During his caliphate, Imam Ali (AS) proposed a new discourse on the rights of the people by proposing the reciprocal rights of the ruler and the people.This study tries to use a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question of how the project of the discourse of mutual rights between the ruler and the people was implemented by Imam Ali (AS). And what effect did it have on the unhealthy legal situation of the Iranian Mawalis, especially in Kufa and the surrounding areas? The findings of this study indicate that the tribal community was influenced by the influence of its leaders and did not understand the importance of this idea of Imam Ali (AS). Regarding the implementation of this theory towards the Mawalis, the Arab aristocracy strongly opposed the Imam and did not pay attention to his Qur'anic instructions in this regard; However, in the long run, it was possible to for everyone, especially for the Mawalis to distinguish between the desired model of people's rights in the Qur'an and Sunnah and in the methods used. Also, the importance of administering legal justice, the correct way of governing discourse with all people, including ethnic and religious minority groups, and the method of achieving it were determined.