Analysis of the situation and effects of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in districts 11 and 12 of Tehran City

Population growth and development of cities, their transformation into metropolises and the issue of migration, cause an increase in population and many transportation problems. Hence, the Transit Oriented Development approach emerged as one of the most evolved development perspectives. The city of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, is always struggling with transportation problems. Districts 11 and 12 of Tehran are considered due to their centrality and the existence of important commercial centers; However, it has always faced many problems due to the increase in private car traffic, and to reduce its consequences, it has launched subways and high-speed buses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and effects of transportation-based development in districts 11 and 12 of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is one of the few researches that used field method and questionnaire tools to collect data. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens and users of subways and buses, of which 100 people were randomly interviewed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the elite comprehensive and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's coefficient of 0.80. Analyzes were also performed in SPSS software. The results showed that the three land use variables around the stations, access network and communications, as well as the spatial quality of the stations are at a level of less than 0.05 and the average is equal to 2.53 confirms that the status of stations in areas 11 and 12, inappropriate. The result of t-test of independent samples at the level of less than 0.05 confirms that region 12 is in a more suitable condition than region 11. The result also shows that the physical, economic, social and environmental effects of transportation and operation of stations in areas 11 and 12, at a level of less than 0.05 are significant and the effects are positive and moderate. The mean difference of 0.050 confirms that Region 11 has more physical, economic, social and environmental effects than Region 12. The regression model also showed that at the level of less than 0.05, the greatest impact on the development of transportation-oriented, was related to the variable of spatial quality of stations with a coefficient of 0.327.