Excellence of Citizenship Rights: A Suvey on its Components in Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah

Citizenship rights is a set of duties and responsibilities that citizens have to one another, to the city, and to the government. In other words, it is an individual's set of civil, political, and social rights. Nowadays, citizenship rights is one of the basic concerns of researchers and one of the most important issues in civil societies. Although, in its current form, it has not had a coherent research background, citizenship rights have been considered in divine teachings, mainly in the Holy Quran, hadiths, and Nahj al-Balaghah. After using the library method to study the texts of the Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah, this article analyzed their contents by selecting and collecting relevant materials and answered the following question: What is the approach of the Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah toward citizenship rights? The findings show that citizenship rights are rooted in Islamic teachings and religious orders and fully address them. The model of citizenship rights in the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah includes facts and strategies about the characteristics of the optimal relationship between agents and people, maintaining human dignity, the way of management and governance, criticism and rational thinking, the right to life, and freedom of opinion. This model overshadows many of today's legal models for life; therefore, these models can be used to explain the issues and problems of citizenship rights.