Experimental and numerical evaluation of heat transfer of Perkins A4.248 engine radiator using CuO + water nanofluid

In this research, the thermal performance of Perkins A4.248 engine radiator by CuO + Water nanofluid was studied under the defined environmental conditions on a laboratory model. The results showed that with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles, density and thermal conductivity increased; Specific heat and dynamic viscosity decreased. The coefficient of friction increased with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles in the base fluid, and decreased with increasing Reynolds number. Also, with increasing flow and volume fraction, the radiator efficiency coefficient showed an increase. At the maximum value of air flow velocity and cooling fluid, by adding 4% by volume of nanoparticles to the base fluid, the heat transfer rate can be increased by an average of 39% compared to the base fluid. Also, by increasing the electromotor speed from 20 Hz to 40 Hz, the heat transfer coefficient of pure water increased by an average of 28% and nanofluid by 32%. The pressure drop of the radiator with a volume fraction of 1 and 2% compared to the base fluid at the maximum speed of the electric motor was calculated to be 15.7% and 38.2%, respectively.