Examining fantasy elements (magnificent literature) in the legends of Birjand

Folk literature comprises various manifestations of the culture and civilization of each nation, demonstrated in the form of legends, stories, songs, etc. The legends of Birjand are an illustrative and important example of the external display of the culture of the desert regions of Iran. This article aims to answer the following questions by examining the fantasy components in Birjand's legends using an analytical-descriptive 1. What kind of fantasy and what characters and heroes are more frequent in Birjand's legends? 2. What are the tricks in Birjand legends to connect the real world and the wonderful world?Representing the features of fantasy in twenty-three legends of Birjand, the results indicated that five of the twenty-three legends are of the animal fantasy type. The characters are static, and other than humans, demons and supernatural beings sometimes play roles and are given human characteristics. These characters reach their goals through the functions and tricks of magic. The main and secondary characters are always with each other and end the story by doing strange and magical tricks and amazing feats. These legends have a simple design and structure, and they all have direct and indirect messages, which each reader is free to understand based on the spiritual and social conditions and the atmosphere of the legend, Most of the legends also have social concepts. convey to the reader, which itself expresses the polyphonic feature of these legends. Moreover, some of them are of the awareness type according to the climatic and social conditions.