Physical expansion of Mashhad during the governorship of Pakravan

Between 1313 and 1320 ASH and during the governorship of Fethullah Pakravan, Mashhad underwent many changes. This article examines these developments in order to answer the basic question of, “What effect did the construction measures of Pakravan have on the physical development of Mashhad?” The establishment of new places and its multiplicity in the city of Mashhad strengthen the assumption that a paradigm-shift has formed in the construction of this period. In general, these places include three categories: 1) Educational, cultural, and health institutions; 2) Factories, and 3) Streets and squares. These factors, in addition to the expansion of the urban space, have promoted the level of urban culture, populization, labor recruitment, and easy access for people to different parts of the city. According to these explanations, the components of the expansion of Mashhad are: 1) How to expand new civilizational institutions in the city; and 2) How to form new thoughts and ideas in relation to urban development. This article describes and analyzes the cases of physical expansion of Mashhad and related issues. Based on the nature of the subject, this research is presented in a descriptive and analytical method and based on library and documentary sources.