Evaluation of the Association between Serum Vitamin D and Chronic Periodontitis in Patients Referring to Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021

Chronic periodontitis is caused by the interaction between plaque biofilm microorganisms and host immune cells. The serum level of some vitamins may play a role in the prevention and control of the disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and chronic periodontitis in patients referring to Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

A total of 49 individuals with healthy periodontium (control group) and 49 patients with chronic periodontitis (case group) participated in this case-control study. Blood samples were taken from the participants, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum vitamin D levels were compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 software at a 0.05% confidence level.

A total of 37 (37.8%) males and 61 (62.2%) females were included in the study. Serum vitamin D levels in the control and case groups were 35.61±16.12 ng/ml and 24.98±10.54 ng/ml, respectively (P˂0.001). The odds ratio of periodontitis per unit change in vitamin D level with the removal of confounders was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.97) (P˂0.001).

Serum vitamin D levels were lower in patients with chronic periodontitis than in healthy individuals. It seems that decreased serum vitamin D levels may increase the chances of developing chronic periodontitis.