A Comparative Study of the Views and Thoughts of Professor Morteza Motahari and Herbert Spencer on Social Evolution

The main purpose of this study is a comparison between social evolution with the interpretation and words of Professor Motahari and Herbert Spencer's point of view. The method used in this study is descriptive-comparative and the means of collecting data is, authentic documents, evidence, books and articles through library method. The results of this research show that, although Spencer's evolutionary approach is different from Motahari's view on the concept of evolution, both of them have dealt with this concept with two different views. One with a religious view influenced by the religious teachings of Islam and some social and religious thinkers such as Allameh Tabatabaei and the other with a sociological approach and influenced by the ideas of Darwin and Lamarck. For example, they both share the definition of social evolution, which means more diversity and division of labor, as well as not believing in unilinear evolution. However, from Shahid Motahari's point of view, social evolution emerges through collective agreements and adaptations, not through differences and contradictions; But Spencer sees the evolution of society as the result of political and regional wars.