Multi-Objective Optimization of Consumer's Profit and Distribution Transformer Aging Considering Electric Vehicles

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) will increase power transmitted through the distribution grid. Such an effect leads to accelerated aging in grid equipment, including pole-top distribution transformers. In the form of preventive and corrective measures, it is possible to centrally manage the charging operations of a group of electric vehicles connected to a specific pole-top transformer (through the distribution system operator or an independent aggregator). This paper presents a centralized model to co-optimize transformer loss-of-life with benefits for charging and discharging management of consumers' electric vehicles. The proposed model is compared to the decentralized model, in which EV owners optimize their benefits without considering the damages to the transformers. The centralized and decentralized strategies were applied to a small local grid with a maximum number of 6 EVs connected to a local pole-top transformer and implemented and solved using GAMS software. The results show the benefits of the centralized strategy in balancing the grid assets, while consumers' arbitrage benefits are slightly reduced.