A Mathematical Model for Designing a Resilient and Sustainable Biomass Supply Chain Under Uncertainty and Disruption

Biomass supply chain network design decisions are the most important part of the strategic level of supply chain management decisions, which include determining the location of facilities, their number and capacity, their allocation to different resources and markets, and the integration flow among facilities. An appropriate design has a significant influence on flexibility, efficiency and consequently the performance of the biomass supply chain. In this paper, a mathematical model with a robust optimization approach is presented to design a resilient and sustainable biomass supply chain under uncertainty in bioenergy demand and disruption in bioenergy refinery. By determining resilience factors and sustainability indicators, the relationship between resilience factors was determined and then the resilience factors were prioritized using fuzzy TOPSIS. Resilience factors with high priority are considered in the mathematical model. The first objective function considers profit maximization by considering all sustainability costs and the penalty of shortage or surplus of bioenergy demand and minimizing resilience factors . In addition, Robust method is proposed to overcome the uncertainty in bioenergy demand and the results of model solving with GAMS software are presented to show the model capability and sensitivity analysis of basic parameters. One of the innovations of this paper is to provide a way to measure resiliency based on the residual capacity after the disruption compared to before the disruption, which is presented in the first constraint. Finally, the parameters in the mathematical model are tested using a case study in the Organization of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency through numerical, feasibility and applicability of the proposed research approach. The obtained results show the valuable efficiency of the proposed model in increasing the biomass supply chain performance.</em>