The Energy-oriented Approach in Matching the Thermal System and the Spatial Physical Structure Performance of the Historical Baths of Iran (Two Regions of Qazvin and Gilan)

The energy crisis and the necessity of managing its consumption has turned the revision of the ways of shaping the structure of the space and the body of today's buildings into the main principle of architectural planning. Historical baths, public benefit buildings and worthy of attention with high spatial and geometric diversity, are a set of the most obvious practical optimization solutions in Iranian architecture, which contain extractable and valuable lessons from the configuration, hierarchy and control of spatial communication in relation to energy. Therefore, this research aims to solve the problem of matching the performance of the thermal system and the spatial physical structure of the historical baths of Iran and explores the relationships between the spaces as well as the geometric and spatial measures for thermal and functional isolation. The main question of the research is that what are the differences in the physical proportions and spatial structure of historical baths in the cold and dry climates of Qazvin and the temperate and humid climates of Gilan in terms of adaptation to the thermal system? The research method is descriptive, analytical and logical reasoning. The method of data collection is library and field, and the data analysis tool is the specialized software of space syntax. The samples include 8 baths in the two climatic regions of Qazvin and Gilan with different physical dimensions and patterns despite the geographical proximity of the two mentioned regions. The results of the research determine the differences and similarities regarding the area ratio of Garmkhane to Sarbineh, the entrance structure, the communication nodes and the degree of connectivity, integration and spatial depth of the samples in relation to energy conservation and management of the thermal system. Also, the results show that the difference in the physical spatial structure of Gilan baths is more obvious and in general, the reduction of the effect of climatic force has led to an increase in the diversity of the spatial structure in this group. While the similarity of the physical structure of Qazvin baths is due to the necessity of adapting to the thermal system and responding to more difficult climatic conditions.