The significance of building sustainable farms has been highlighted in the search for food security. The traditional farming methods used in Nigeria result in low agricultural yields. Utilizing modern technologies, such as nanotechnology, is crucial right now to address the growing need for food crops. These objectives gave birth to nanotechnology as a frontier for the twenty-first century. Nanoparticles may be helpful in the treatment and monitoring of diseases affecting agricultural crops because they specifically target microorganisms. Crop diseases are fought by nanoparticles, including carbon nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles. An edible coating containing encoded nanoparticles is one such technique for preserving and storing food. Agricultural fields can be equipped with nano-sensors to track soil fertility and other agro-climatic factors. Nanomaterials are utilized to remediate deficient soils and offer a clever, unique, environmentally responsible, and long-lasting solution. Green nanotechnology may be used to improve the hygiene of food items, leading to a better lifestyle for the general public. An effective substitute for better recycling of agricultural waste might be nanotechnology. These are the ideal raw materials for biochar, renewable energy, and nano-silica. Agriculture also uses barcode technology and nano-based identifying markers. The intentional use of nanomaterials in agricultural endeavours may have unanticipated health effects. Future agricultural issues like food security have a lot of potentials to be solved with the help of nanotechnology applications, particularly in developing countries.