Analysis of approaches to Hafiz in the last century emphasizing on the rhetorical-literary approach

In the past one hundred years or so, Hafiz poetry and life have been the subject of close attention by scholars of Persian literature. The scholarly approaches to Hafiz poetry and personality have been very different. Research on Hafiz has been done from different perspectives; both holistic and detailed, formalistic and semantic, modernist and traditionalist. In this paper, the authors have taken a comprehensive look at 20 different approaches to Hafiz poetry and character, and have briefly summarized eighteen of the twenty approaches, two of which are discussed in detail about literary or semantic and rhetorical approach. And in analyzing the approaches, they have specified each of them as holistic or detailed, formalistic or semantic and traditional or modern.