Mathematical Modeling Considering Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Habitats for Biological Losses on Roads

Mathematical modeling has been a significant tool in biological sciences for several decades. Modern agricultural practices have had numerous effects on different aspects of ecosystems, particularly on animal populations. This research focuses on road collisions involving wildlife and emphasizes the effects of agricultural and non-agricultural surrounding lands. Using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Spearman's Rank tests, as well as SPSS software, the study found that the highest number of wildlife deaths, especially for mammals, birds, and reptiles, occurred in areas surrounded by natural regions (non-agricultural lands). Furthermore, the study found that the number of casualties was highest in the middle month of spring and those morning observations resulted in more collisions than evening ones. The correlation coefficients confirmed a significant relationship between the frequency of accidents and the type of surrounding landscape. Additionally, the researchers proposed a logistic mathematical model to investigate the relationship between animal losses and vehicle collisions. After identifying the equilibrium points, the study analyzed the solution behavior around these points.