Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of H. Spontaneum wild Barley Populations using EST-SSR Molecular Marker

The genetic diversity of wild species associated with the early barley gene pool is crucial for exploitation in breeding programs. Barley (H. vulgar) and its ancestor (H. spontaneum) are excellent and economical model systems for genetic research, exploration and exploitation. In the study of the genetic diversity of 114 native barley populations collected from the west of the country, the EST-SSR molecular marker has been used to aim at the degree of genetic diversity of these native genotypes and evaluate the efficiency of these native genotypes and evaluate Is. There is genetic diversity in genotypes.

First, seeds were cultured in pots for DNA extraction. DNA extraction was performed by modified CTAB method for each genotype. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in a volume of 20 μl. The PCR product was injected in 4% agarose gel with 1% TBE reaction buffer and Safe View dye to show the strips. In order to perform statistical analysis, the data were prepared in the form of a matrix and the parameters related to primers and populations were evaluated.

The number of amplified alleles varied from 2 to 4 alleles for markers and the studied primers reproduced a total of 40 alleles in the studied genotypes with an average of 2.85 per marker. The average percentage of polymorphisms for the studied primers was 96.42%. The content of polymorphic information (PIC) ranged from 0.397 to 0.189. The results showed that there is the highest level of diversity in the populations of Lorestan province and the lowest level of diversity in the populations of Kurdistan province. The dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis of genotypes was divided into 14 groups, which according to the grouping of genetic diversity were partially adapted to the geographical distribution. Also, the results of the analysis to the original coordinates were somewhat consistent with the cluster analysis.

The results showed that there was good diversity among the studied populations. Also, suitable polymorphisms were observed among the primers. The primers GBM1221 with 3 alleles, GBM1461 with 3 alleles and SCSSR04163 with 4 alleles, which had the best polymorphism, are introduced as superior primers for use in future atmospheric research. The presence of high genetic diversity in natural populations of H. spontaneum wild barley indicates that the germplasm of this plant can be preserved in natural habitats. This diversity is also a valuable resource for identifying molecular markers informative for different phenotypic traits.