Impact of Socio-economic Factors on the Success of Rangeland Management Plans in the Baharkish Watershed of Quchan County

Iran's rangelands face a critical state of degradation, posing threats of vegetation loss and soil erosion unless restorative measures are promptly taken. The dependence of numerous households on these pastures underscores the urgency of involving beneficiaries in rangeland restoration as a sustainable approach to natural resource management. This study investigates the impact of socioeconomic factors on the success of Rangeland Management Plans within the Baharkish Watershed, Quchan County, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Field surveys and questionnaire-based inquiries provided research data, analyzed using SPSS software and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to assess socio-economic influences on rangeland management plans. Findings indicate that the implementation of these plans has diminished conflicts and discrepancies among villagers, promoting a sense of social security. Furthermore, the pastoralist community views plan implementation as fostering increased awareness, strengthening local institutions, and encouraging participation in village affairs. However, the pastoralists do not attribute reduced livestock to rangeland management plans, indicating an absence of social conflicts in this context. Additionally, while the plans have stimulated regional development according to economic perspectives, they have not notably influenced investment growth in auxiliary projects, notably in education and healthcare sectors. Despite this, the plans have positively impacted the economic aspect by augmenting rangeland prices, facilitating growth, and initiating restoration efforts. In summary, the implementation of Rangeland Management Plans has alleviated social tensions, boosted regional development, and shown positive economic impacts on rangeland growth and restoration. However, further exploration is needed to understand limitations in auxiliary investment growth and the potential impact on pastoralists' job satisfaction.