Marine Protected Areas in Areas Beyond National ‎Jurisdiction: A Tool for Conservation of Biodiversity

In today's era, human activities at sea are not limited to areas under national jurisdiction, but have also extended to areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the destructive effects of such activities has led to increasing concern in the field of ocean health and biodiversity. Clearly, the loss or damage to the body of biodiversity poses serious challenges to the survival of human life on Earth, and addressing this important concern will require immediate action to preserve and sustainable use of it. Therefore, it is necessary to implement ecosystem-based projects such as the creating marine protected areas that can improve the environmental management of the seas. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the conceptual analysis of these areas by examining existing international documents and then to evaluate regional initiatives and related international regulations in this area and the challenges in achieving this important goal.