Analyzing Causes and Consequences of the 7th Century BC's Battle of Halule

The Battle of Halule took place in 691 BC between the Assyrian Empire on the one hand and a large coalition of Elam and Babylonian kings and their allies on the other. The reports of Assyrian and Babylonian sources have contradictions in mentioning the events of this important battle, which makes conclusions about the hidden angles of this battle more complicated. Based on historical documents and reports and with a descriptive-analytical method, the present research tried to answer the main question of the causes of occurrence of the Battle of Halule, its results and consequences in the era of ancient times. The Assyrians bordered the Elamites after the capture of Babylon during the reign of Tiglath Pileser III. After that, the Elamites supported the Babylonian rebels against the Assyrians in order to prevent the Assyrian attacks on the Zagros. This brought about the Battle of Halule. The results of this research show that apart from the Assyrians' combative spirit and the achievement of Zagros region trophies, the direct or indirect domination of the parties over the land of Babylon caused the Battle of Halule. Although the Assyrians did not achieve their goals in this battle, after the war the policy of the Assyrian kings focused on capturing Babylon and destroying Elam.