Studying Verbal Signs of Feeling of Inferiority at Ali Fouda's Poetry from Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology Approach Viewpoint [In Persian]

One of the common discussions in literacy criticism is how his mental concerns are reflected in his work. As literature, especially poems, take their themes from the depth of the human spirit, we can point to the effects the governed psychological situation on the poet's characteristics has on the literary creations. Individual psychology is considered a personality theory that is founded by Alfred Adler, the Austrian psychologist. According to this approach, feeling inferiority is one of the mental states that is formed at the beginning of a person's life at his personality and affects his different behavioral aspects till the end of life. The feeling of inferiority is considered the main human encouraging force toward his objectives and wishes. From the individual psychology viewpoint, the effort to gain superiority is formed as the consequence of this feeling of inferiority and makes the individual's personality coherent. According to this approach, all peoples has the feeling of inferiority inside themselves only to different degrees. If the feeling of inferiority does not exceed its limit leads to progress and superiority of the person. However, if this feeling is not controlled finally leads to an inferiority complex in the person. The feeling of inferiority in its different kinds is affected by the unique situations of each person in childhood, his initial training, and their spiritual, social, political, and geographical situations. The current study tries to study the verbal signs of inferiority feeling at the personality of Ali Fouda, the contemporary Palestinian poet, according to Alfred Adler's viewpoint. Of these signs in Ali Fouda's poetry, the reprimanding and blaming tone (using reversals), the proud word (using Hazage rhythm or shortening the hemstitches in addition to selecting stretched syllables at the ends, repeating identity signs), contradiction (using contradictory atmosphere at the concept of the words arrangements), complain of the situation and conditions of the time (using the selection of the human primary needs), using folk songs and alien words can be pointed out. All of these are revealed due to the effect of an inappropriate social environment as well as the difficult situation in his family life.