The Sources of Opposition Parties in the Process of Political Development (Case Study: Goran Party in Kurdistan Region of Iraq)

The Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposition in the Kurdistan region a sign of the transition of this region towards democracy or authoritarianism? The hypothesis suggests although the emergence of the opposition is a sign of minimal democracy, its formation, stabilization, and weakening are proof of the authoritarian structure and functioning of the two main parties in this region. The research method is qualitative (library documents). The results show that the formation of the political opposition in the region was a reaction to the authoritarian rule, but at the same time, it was a sign of the movement of the Kurdish society towards a kind of political and party pluralism.