Evaluation and examination of the physical aspect of the city from the point of view of passive defense (Case study: the historical context of the Urmia)

Organizing the historical contexts of the city based on the requirements of passive defense due to the relationship between history, people, space and their activities is one of the most basic physical planning processes from the point of view of passive defense. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and examine the physical dimension and its components in the historical context of Urmia from the point of view of passive defense. The current research is longitudinal in terms of time (prospective), in terms of practical results, and in terms of the goal of developing applied knowledge in a specific field, which is quantitative in terms of the research implementation process, and finally in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical goal and terms of the implementation logic The research is inductive. The method of collecting information is both field and documentary. Data collection tools include observation and questionnaires. The Sample size of this research includes 100 specialists in this field, who were selected in a non-random and purposeful way from experts. One-sample t-tests were used to analyze the collected data, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the variables, which was evaluated through experts' opinions. Also, DEMATEL's decision-making method has been used to establish relationships between components. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire from the experts of this subject and to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test was used, which was confirmed. In this research, the physical, functional, human, access and flexibility components of the space have been used. The results of this research show that according to the results of the Spearman correlation test, the physical independent variable has a stronger relationship with the physical dimension from the point of view of passive defense than other components. Also, the results of DEMATEL model indicate that the physical component has the most relationship and the access component has the least relationship with other components.