Electromechanical Modeling of Aortic Valve Stenosis with Hyperelastic and Viscoelastic Properties of the Myocardium

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and their treatment is crucial. Computational modeling is one of the new methods that can help specialists to provide more effective treatment and surgical solutions for patients. In this study, a multiphysics framework has been utilized for electromechanical modeling of the human heart to simulate the behavior of the heart in aortic valve stenosis in two hyperelastic and viscoelastic cases. By using COMSOL Multiphysics software, a completely new approach to determine ventricular pressure has been presented in this software, the implementation of which is more straightforward and does not require coding, and its accuracy has been verified. It was observed that in both hyperelastic and viscoelastic cases, ventricular pressure in aortic valve stenosis increases dramatically and stroke volume decreases. Moreover, the viscoelastic model showed relatively less deformation compared to the hyperelastic case and caused the damping of myocardial movements. The implementation of the presented model is simple and, in the future, it can be utilized to model different types of heart diseases.