life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from algae

The existing problems in using fossil energy sources have caused significant progress in producing Biodiesel from different raw materials. The high price of edible vegetable oils, followed by the high cost of product production, leads the biodiesel industry to use cheap raw materials derived from waste. Also, due to the existence of different stages of production, the amount of environmental effects of each production route differs. This study aims to evaluate the cycle of Biodiesel obtained from waste oil, algae oil, and microalgae and to investigate its environmental and economic effects. In this regard, recent sources published evaluating waste oil, and microalgae biodiesel cycles were studied and analyzed. The present study collected the study database using systematic review guidelines from Scopus, web of science (WoS), and google scholar. About 890 research articles have cooperated in the review process. The results showed that microalgae biodiesel production using wastewater and biocatalyst significantly reduce environmental effects. The production system of biofuels from microalgae requires a high investment, which includes 47-86% of the total production costs. Biodiesel from WCO produces less CO2 compared to first-generation Biodiesel. The added value of WCO is preventing water pollution through its release. Using eggshell CaO biocatalysts in WCO biodiesel production shows better environmental effects than KOH alkaline catalysts. In the WCO life cycle assessment, the waste collection stage and the details of this stage should also be considered. The following study tries to report the policies for obtaining sustainable biodiesel production from algae.