Investigation of the effect of environmental factors on chlorophyll a, c, and total carotenoids in Symbiodinium Sp. symbiosis with sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni

Coral reefs in environments with unique environmental circumstances show how corals might adapt to future stressors and possible climate change. The Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman are environmentally unique places with little information on the inherent diversity of key environmental variables (such as temperature, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids) that affect soft corals, or how this diversity leads to allergies and death due to environmental factors, no. The research presented here addresses this knowledge gap and examines sea level temperature, pH, DO and salinity factors, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids to reveal differences between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

Environmental factors were measured by an HQ40D portable multimeter with the ability to record some environmental parameters. A sampling of Stichodactyla haddoni anemone was performed in two seasons of summer and winter from three stations including: Qeshm Island, Dukohak Station, Hormoz Island, Khezr Station, and Chabahar Bay, Tis Station.

Due to the normal range of pH, DO and salinity factors, they did not show a statistically significant correlation with any of the evaluated parameters (P <0.05). The highest amount of chlorophyll a and total carotenoids was observed in the colored sample of sea anemone (brown) of Chabahar. The lowest amount of chlorophyll a and carotenoids belonged to the summer sample of Qeshm. Chlorophyll c levels in the samples did not differ significantly by station or season. Thermal map of physicochemical relationships with Symbiodinium sp. pigments in summer showed that the highest correlation of pigments related to dissolved oxygen percentage, temperature, and salinity, and in winter thermal map showed that salinity, dissolved oxygen percentage, and temperature had the greatest effect on pigments, especially It had chlorophyll a and carotenoids.

The Results' section of the study of zooxanthella pigments in symbiosis with sea anemones showed an increase in pigments between study stations both in summer and winter. Monsoon winds, which change water temperatures, maybe to responsible for the increase of symbiotic dinoflagellate pigment in Chabahar Bay station throughout the summer. The obtained results indicate that chlorophyll c is resistant to environmental and season conditions.