Tissue culture and in vitro regeneration of Plantago major

The use of plants as a medicine has a very old history and has been used as herbal medicines in all of its past civilizations. Plantago is one of genus belonging to the Plantaginaceae family and is a medicinal plant. Plantago major is one of the most valuable species of this genus and has valuable secondary metabolites. Part of leaves, stem, and root excised from in vitro P.major were cultured on (MS) medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators TDZ and IBA at different concentrations. After 4 weeks, callus percent, explants with shoot and number of shoots per explant were calculated. The best callus percent observed in all three of explant in 2:1 TDZ: IBA (100%). The best regeneration percent (100%) observed in leaves (100%) in 1:0.5 and 1.5:1 mg.ml-1 concentration (69.05%, 30%) by direct regeneration and 1.5:2, 2:1 mg.ml-1 by indirect regeneration (83.33%, 100%) respectively. Although 2:1 mg.ml-1 showed the most callus and regeneration percent in all of the explants but the high frequency of a number of the shoots was obtained in the medium containing 1:2 mg.ml-1 TDZ:IBA (Leave 41.67) and 2:2 mg.ml-1 TDZ: IBA in Stem (21) and root (9) . Rooting was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg.ml1 IBA. Two weeks later, the Seedlings were transferred to MS PGRs-free medium then were successfully transplanted to sterile 80% peat moss and 20% perlite mix in the pot after two weeks and at regular intervals, seedlings were watered with Hoagland solution and distilled water with a survival rate of 100%. Our result showed that regenerations were adventitious shoot. Therefore, this plantain has the good ability of regeneration as leaves showed great regeneration percent.