Impact of Native Woody Species (Acer monspessulanum L., Prunus scoparia (Spach) C.K.Schneid., and Daphne mezerum L.) on Soil Quality Characteristics in Korkhangan Rangelands

Perennial shrubs play a crucial role in shaping the soil quality within their habitats, influencing soil characteristics through leaf fall and root interactions. This study focuses on the impact of three native woody species-Acer monspessulanum, Prunus scoparia, and Daphne mezerum—on soil quality parameters in the ecologically sensitive and fragile Korkhangan rangelands of southern Yazd province. Considering the susceptibility of these rangelands to desertification, understanding the effects of woody plant species on soil quality is vital for successful rangeland rehabilitation and improvement projects.

The research investigates the qualitative characteristics of soil under the canopy of the three woody species compared to areas outside the canopy (control) in Korkhangan rangelands. Fifteen sites were selected, and soil samples were collected both under the canopy and outside the canopy at a depth of 0-5 cm. Soil physico-chemical parameters were measured in the laboratory, and statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA and Duncan tests) were employed to compare soil characteristics under the canopy and the control.

The study revealed variations in soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matter, acidity, and electrical conductivity under different woody species. Acer monspessulanum demonstrated a significant influence on soil characteristics, with higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and organic matter compared to the control. The acidity of soils under D. mezerum, P. scoparia, and A. monspessulanum was lower than that outside the canopy. Additionally, electrical conductivity showed variations between A. monspessulanum, P. scoparia, D. mezerum, and the control.

The research underscores the distinct impact of native woody species on soil properties in the studied rangelands. Acer monspessulanum exhibited a particularly pronounced effect on soil characteristics. Understanding these relationships can inform effective planning for ecosystem improvement and development activities in rangeland areas.