Land Capability, Bio-Ecological Identity, and Flood Ecology (Case Study: Kowsar's Multi-Institutional Plan in the Ecosystem Coupled to Groundwater)

Flood governance is one of the main sub-branches of land use planning in the ecosystem dependent on groundwater. Social understanding of natural phenomena is an important variable in planning and policymaking. Territorial changes over time create biological-terrestrial heritage for societies. The delay characteristic of being flooded on the plateau of Iran created water reservoirs, and therefore, special ecosystem services. In fact, the shape, structure, and function of urban, rural, and nomadic biological complexes are related to each other and to these biological characteristics, including the natural nexus between mountains and plains, alluvial cones, and flood plains. Criticism and negation of modernization programs in the development of the country and the occurrence of the Islamic revolution in Iran brought the issue of how to intervene in the land to the institution of construction jihad. Kowsar's research-executive project, which is a model of intervention in the land and flood biology-ecology based on the coupling of the land with underground water, was able to achieve continuous and long-term experiences in three scientific-institutional-political layers with the cooperation of several the strain (socio-ecological) and identification of the flood as an irreplaceable biological and territorial feature for sustainable life. From another point of view, a new method of intervention was experienced in flood bio-ecology, in which trans-sectoral perspective and biophysical-social approach replaced sectoral perspective and physical approach. The foresight of flood governance depends on the rethinking of biophysical-social experiences (land use planning).