Explanation and analysis of the Economic, Political, and social situation of the eastern states of the Sasanian Empire and its relationship to the conquest of the Arabs (590-651 AD)

Beyond the central deserts of Iran, Sistān and Khorāsān formed the eastern states of the Sasanian Empire, which were considered rich and economically prosperous states at the time. On the other hand, although the neighborhood with the eastern nomadic tribes the dangers it posed to their inhabitants but had given them a strategic aspect. Besides, it affected the events of these states extremely. Hence, the Economic, Political, and social situation studies of this region, particularly in the last half-century of the Sasanian dynasty, which finally ended in the downfall of their dynasty, can be considered important. The present study intends to find out the effects that the Economic, Political, and social situation of the Sasanian eastern states had on the fall and conquest there by the Muslim Arabs based on library resources using a descriptive-analytical research method. The research findings suggested that the invasion of nomads and forced migrations to the eastern Sasanian states caused diversity in the demographic composition; there. This factor, along with their lack of political and economic dependence on the central government, doubled the incentive for achieving power among local rulers; Eventually, they caused the fall of the Sasanian dynasty.