The investigation of unity of existence from the perspective of Ibn Arabi and Ashraf Jahangir Semnani (a mystic in the subcontinent)

Mystical ontology is one of the main topics in the field of Islamic mysticism; This issue became more apparent through the teachings of Ibn Arabi. One of the most important issues in ontology proposed by Ibn Arabi is the unity of existence. The main question of this research in general is what the viewpoint of Ibn Arabi (AD: 638 AH) and Ashraf Jahangir (AD: 828 AH) on the unity of existence is and what the commonalities and differences between the viewpoints of the two mystics are. Following this question, the present study, with a descriptive-comparative method, proves the proofs of the unity of existence from the perspective of Ibn Arabi and Ashraf Jahangir. Ibn Arabi is the author of the theory of the unity of existence; While Ashraf Jahangir is one of the students of Sheikh Ala Al-Dawlah Semnani; Nevertheless, he is one of the mystics who follow the theory of the unity of existence. In the worldview of Ibn Arabi and Ashraf, Quranic teachings and prophetic hadiths have a special place. In the discussion of manifestation, Ashraf impressed by Ibn Arabi believes in manifestation in existence. Ibn Arabi's worldview is mixed with mystery, which ultimately leads to “astonishment” and “awesomeness”; However, due to the predominance of theological thoughts and jurisprudential rules of Ashraf Jahangir, he has taken a more theological and jurisprudential context in proving the unity of existence; Nevertheless, in the general form of ontological issues, he tends to the viewpoints of Ibn Arabi.