The reflection of theʿĀshūra report in writing historical texts from the beginning of the Qajar period to the time of Mozaffar al-Din Ŝāh

The significance of ʿĀshūra in the history of Islam and its impact on societies has been a subject of discussion since long ago. According to their vision and insight, Islamic researchers, have recorded impressions of this event in their works. The main question of the current research is what the political, military, and cultural conditions of the Qajar period up to the Mozaffar al-Din Ŝāh era had to do with the construction of discourses related to the events and rituals of ʿĀshūra and their reflection in the society? This research, with a historical perspective and analytical-descriptive approach, aims to scrutinize the impact of various areas from the beginning of the Qajar period to the reign of Muzaffar al-Din Shah on epic, emotional, superstition-oriented, and fatalistic discourses. The findings of the research show that each of the prominent writers of this era had a different reading of the ʿĀshūra event and this had a great impact on the Qajar society. Therefore, sometimes the essence of the event has been distorted, misunderstood, and misused.