Critical Discourse Analysis of "al-Tariq al-Tawil" by Naguib al-Kilani based on Norman Fairclough's Approach

Critical discourse analysis is one of the new methods in discourse analysis and linguistic studies. It examines linguistic data, ideological processes, and situational, social, and intertextuality contexts affecting discourse formation. The analytical paradigm developed by Norman Fairclough is regarded as one of the most influential approaches to critical discourse analysis. In this view, discourse is analyzed in three levels: description, interpretation, and explanation. This descriptive-analytical study employing the approach of Fairclough analyzes the levels of the critical discourse of al-Tariq al-Tawil by Naguib al-Kilani to explicate the author's intended ideology and discourse. According to the research findings, using the function of words and their semantic relationships, positive verbs, and metaphorical sentences, Naguib al-Kilani has demonstrated his point of view in this novel. Moreover, he explains the effects of colonialism on Egyptians' lives by employing intertextuality and citing Islamic themes and Quranic verses. Al-Kilani uses a combative discourse to convey freedom and resistance to oppression. He seeks to inculcate his ideology and concepts by fortifying the combat spirit, such as obtaining freedom and independence and fighting against the colonialist adversary.