genesis of humanities and social sciences in the western worldFrom the perspective of fundamental methodology with emphasis on epistemological principles

The genesis of modern humanities and social sciences in the Western world is the product of a historical process that is usually narrated in a break from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The thinkers like Michel Foucault in the order of things: an archaeology of the human sciences or Thomas Kuhn in the structure of scientific revolutions and the like have tried to explain these developments based on archaeological methods or paradigm changes. However, one of the most important perspectives in explaining these historical developments is the relationship between science and religion and explaining these developments based on the religious and transcendent view. In this article, using the basic methodology, we will try with attention to the "epistemological" contexts affecting the formation of these scientific theories in the Western world, study the process of genesis of these sciences in relation to the evolution of metaphysical meaning from its traditional form to its modern form, especially in Kant and sociological thinkers. Given the emphasis on the relationship between science and religion in this narrative, this article can be an introduction to the reflections of Islamic humanities.