Scaling and corrosion quality zoning of groundwater in the aquifer of the ghorove– dehgolan plain

Chemical quality is a significant and determining factor in a variety of water applications. Understanding the characteristics of subterranean water is regarded as a viable instrument for assessing water resource management. o determine the chemical quality of the groundwater in the Ghorove– Dehgolan aquifer, as well as to examine changes over three statistical periods (2001–2018), the basin was sampled for the following chemical parameters: electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium absorption ratio, bicarbonate, carbonate, chlorine, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Information from 276 exploitation sources on an annual scale pertaining to an 18-year statistical period was utilized to accomplish the objectives. The geographic information system (GIS) and the geostatistical interpolation method were utilized to determine the distribution of effective variables in the quality of industrial consumption in order to generate quality zoning maps of water consumption utilizing the Langelier index and the available data for the study area. The analysis of water quality variables revealed that the aquifer exhibited the highest values of electrical conductivity (669 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (430 mg/l), and sodium absorption ratio (0.95%) for groundwater quality during the period 2013–2018. In comparison to the other courses, they are lower. The assessment of industrial water quality revealed that scaling affected 22% of the water samples, while corrosion affected 78%. The examination of qualitative zoning maps intended for industrial applications revealed that the aquifers in the southern portion of the Ghorove– Dehgolan plain, along with a restricted region in the aquifer's northern section, exhibit sedimentation characteristics. Conversely, the majority of the aquifers in the area demonstrate corrosive attributes. Thus, it is imperative to exercise utmost caution when utilizing these resources in pressurized irrigation systems and industrial, urban, and agricultural water supply systems in order to mitigate potential harm to pipelines and metal connections.