Examining the Hydro-Geochemical Quality and Origin of Water Ions in the Qolyan River of the Qalikuh Region in Lorestan Province, Iran

Rivers are water resources used to meet the needs of human societies and various consumption. Hence, it is very critical to investigate their water quality. The Qolyan River of the Lorestan Qalikuh region, which sits between oil shale paths, bedrocks, various river sediments, and quaternary alluvial deposits, is one of the main suppliers of the Dez River water; for this, this study conducted such laboratory tests as ASTM, St. Method, and MMS on 15 samples of the permanent Pirbadush and Gashun Streams overflowing to this river. According to the physicochemical parameters of water, software calculations such as Phreeqc, Rockware, and AqQa and calculation irrigation and industrial indicators, as well as comparisons with WHO and NSI standards and draw hydro-chemical diagrams, the quality of the regional water was found to be appropriate for various consumption, as the water of G7 and P1 stations held the worst and the best quality, respectively which could relate to a majority of dissolution and weathering processes in low areas. Water ion ratios and ion balance diagrams suggest that the origin of most ions (except for nitrates) is non-human (geogenic) activities, with all minerals being at a non-saturated level; meanwhile, the predominant ion of the samples is calcium-bicarbonate and the bedrock has changed from limestone into dolomite and shale, with water quality being affected by the weathering of the regional rocks.