Factors affectingresearch and development and the role of research centers with a focus on comparing Iranian and other world institutions

Research institutions emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. These institutions did their work independently and far from public services and government supervision. Such as the Rockefeller Institute, the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Institute for Advanced Studies that emerged in the United States. As of 2006, there were more than 14,000 research centers in the United States. The National Institutes of Health in the United States, the Max Planck Instituteof Germany, the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory of Germany, and the National Cancer Institute are some of the world-class research institutions. The history of research centers in Iran dates back to the early 20th century, when the first scientific associations were established in major cities such as Tehran, Isfahan, and Shiraz. One of the most prominent research centers in Iran is the Institute of Basic Sciences, which was established in Tehran in1368. Another important research center in Iran is the National Institute of Medical Research, which was established in Tehran in1378. Research centers have made a significant contribution to scientific knowledge, promoting innovation and dealing with global challenges, and they continue to play an important role in advancing scientific research and education. These centers contribute to innovation and address global challenges by conducting research, promoting scientific education and spreading knowledge among scientists. The role and duties of research centers can be very different depending on their focus and mission. Some research centers are dedicated to basic scientific research, while others focus on applied research with practical applications. Many research centers are affiliated with universities or other academic institutions, while others are independent organizations. The functions of research centers may include conducting research, disseminating knowledge through publications and conferences, providing education and training to researchers and students, collaborating with industry and other organizations, and participating in policy and decision-making processes. The specific goals and objectives of a research center depend on its focus and mission, as well as the needs and priorities of the community it serves. We intend to compare Iran's research centers in terms of financial indicators, human resources, and performance with research centers in the world.