Application of Circulating Tumor Markers in Medullary Thyroid Cancer with a Molecular Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Approach

Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) is a rare, aggressive, and fatal subtype of thyroid cancer, presenting a significant medical challenge that necessitates prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Recently, attention has shifted towards utilizing circulating tumor markers as a novel liquid biopsy technique, offering the potential for improved precision in diagnosis, outcome prediction, and cancer progression monitoring. Hence, this review aims to analyze the characteristics and biological aspects of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in MTC. One of the main objectives is to understand how these markers can enhance diagnosis accuracy, provide better predictive insights, and establish a more substantial basis for treatment strategies tailored to this particular type of cancer. The non-invasive nature of CTCs and ctDNA enables them to reveal molecular and genetic changes in tumors. This information holds promise for enhancing early detection and providing more precise tracking of disease development. Moreover, using these markers could address clinical needs and drive advancements in MTC diagnosis and treatment. These progressions have the potential to significantly improve diagnostic precision and treatment effectiveness, ultimately leading to better outcomes for individuals dealing with this intricate condition.