Kamāl al-DīnFārsī, The Inventive Mathematician and Physicist

Kamāl al-DīnFārsī, the great mathematician and physicist, was living in the period between the Islamic world’s releasing from the cross wars and on the threshold of the Mongolian invasion. Also at the same time, south Europe, in particular Italy was gradually dominating the international trade. These three parameters led to weakness of scientific activities in some parts of Islamic world, and its scientific revival in some other parts. So one of the most important periods of the history of Islamic science was formed; the period which can be called Farsi Century. The scientific environment of Tabriz which was one of the active pivots of science in that period, led Fārsī to study optics and Alhazen’s book entitled al-Manāẓir. This thoroughly scientific study resulted in innovation and improvement in some important optical subjects like rainbow.Investigating the circumstances of the influence of the aforementioned parameters on scientific works in different domains throughout the Islamic world at that period, this article aims to show Farsi’s contribution in progress of physics and mathematics.