Analysis of geographical distinctions in the establishment of schools in urban areas from the perspective of spatial justice (case study: Birjand city)

The rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades has caused inequality in living conditions and access to physical and social infrastructure among urban areas and groups. One of the most important and necessary issues of urban planning is the fair distribution of facilities, services and the level of accessibility of citizens at the level of urban neighborhoods. Spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services is considered an important factor for improving the quality of life of citizens and sustainable development of the urban environment. Spatial justice is in the center of attention as a basic issue in the process of urban planning and management, and it is necessary to deal with the concept and drawing of the landscape and formulating policies related to it. Spatial justice in the spatial distribution of schools is one of the important issues for planners. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the geographical distinctions of school establishment from the perspective of spatial justice in Birjand city and its research method is descriptive-analytical. To answer the research questions, the interview method (reference to education) has been used. The results of the research show that, in general, spatial justice in the establishment of schools in different neighborhoods of Birjand is not observed in the same way, and in some areas the density and facilities are more and in some areas less.